Things You Should Know Before Getting a Dalmatian

As a breeder, you already know that when information technology comes to reproduction, the canine species is really unique. I have invested many hours over a number of years to help breeders develop a ameliorate understanding of how to be successful in the ultimate pursuit of producing healthy litters. Hither is a brusk recap: Progesterone is secreted earlier ovulation in dogs, and we tin can use this characteristic of the canine estrous cycle to determine when the bitch ovulates. This is what we refer to as "timing of ovulation," a great tool to improve fertility and prolificacy in your dogs since mistimed breeding is—by far—the most common cause of infertility in the bitch. When I was working at the reproduction middle at the Alfort Veterinary School (Paris, French republic), these consultations were part of my daily routine. Here are 20 facts that might aid you better sympathize the reasoning backside it.

1. When to start? It is recommended to have the offset consultation effectually vi days afterward the beginning of the oestrus bicycle. Sound likewise early? Well, e'er better sooner than after. Unfortunately, some bitches might ovulate as soon equally this in their estrous cycle.
2. Very frequently I had clients call me to say: "Doctor, my bitch is at [number] in progesterone. What should I exercise?" My typical respond: "[Number] what?" Wonder why? Progesterone results tin can be expressed in two different units: ng/mL OR nmol/L. Nosotros won't interpret a outcome the aforementioned way depending on its unit of measurement.
3. I accept been asked to determine when the bitch would ovulate based on a single test. About of the time that is not possible. (I told you I had bitches that ovulated half dozen days after the beginning of heat, simply I also accept had some that ovulated xxx days afterward!) At to the lowest degree iii or four tests will usually exist required over a number of days.
4. "Do I demand to come every unmarried mean solar day until ovulation occurs?" No, this might be necessary when doing LH assays (another hormone secreted by the brain, which peaks ii to iii days before ovulation). LH secretion is pulsatile, and we need to detect a transient peak, and then that'southward why daily assays are needed in this instance. On the contrary, progesterone will progressively rising during oestrus, and this is the rise we will focus on when performing timing of ovulation.
5. If progesterone is depression (= basal value), typically nosotros can wait four to v days before seeing the canis familiaris over again.
6. Progesterone is said to be "basal" when its blood concentration is below 1ng/mL.
7. In figure 1 below, I highlighted the two main events nosotros demand to focus on when performing a timing of ovulation: the "LH peak" and "ovulation."
   

   

   Effigy 1

8. LH peak usually occurs when progesterone levels accomplish 2-3ng/mL. When this level is reached, ovulation volition occur 2 to three days later.
9. Never stop timing ovulation when y'all think you have passed the LH peak. Y'all still need to find ovulation. Some bitches might indeed have what we call an anovulatory cycle.
10. What's an anovulatory bike? A wheel that does not lead to ovulation (and obviously then, the bitch volition not go significant). Progesterone might ascent because of the growth of the ovarian follicles containing the oocytes but suddenly drop (nosotros still don't know why). Follicles will simply shrink and disappear, and ovulation volition not occur. I had a bitch that went as high as iv.9ng/mL in progesterone, but then dropped.
11. Ovulation occurs when progesterone blood levels reach 5-6ng/mL.
12. This value is the same whatever the size of the dog. Whether you accept Chihuahuas, Labrador Retrievers, Mastiffs, etc., bitches will e'er ovulate around the aforementioned progesterone level. Take another expect at Figure I, and you'll meet that at the fourth dimension of ovulation, the different curves all overlap each other.
13. We know the progesterone level at the time of ovulation. Notwithstanding, at the time of breeding, there is no "ideal" level. When fertility is optimal, progesterone values might be around 10, xxx, sometimes even greater than 60ng/mL. The breeding protocol should exist determined based on the estimated 24-hour interval of ovulation. We cannot say that the bitch should be bred when she is at [whatever number] ng/mL of progesterone.
14. Then why perform a progesterone exam after ovulation? Progesterone blood levels volition ascension apace after ovulation, and it is good to confirm that this ascent occurs. Indeed, if a plateau (= progesterone levels stagnating effectually the aforementioned value) is observed, something is not correct, and an ovarian cyst might exist suspected.
15. In fact, each time such a plateau is observed during the timing of ovulation, the bitch should always be carefully followed. This tin indeed happen ordinarily, but a plateau should not last more than three days. If in that location is any doubt, an ovarian ultrasound should exist performed to be certain the surface of the ovaries look normal.
16. The hormone progesterone is the same in all mammals (same conformation, same molecular size, same everything). So no need for specific canine assays. To tell the truth, all the machines that are used to assay progesterone in canines are primarily developed for the human market.
17. Progesterone machines are not even so. What I hateful by that is, if the progesterone level was 5-6ng/mL on the machine I used in my clinic, it might have been 4-5ng/mL or 8-10ng/mL on some other 1. The value needs to be properly interpreted: It's of import to rely on somebody, therefore, who is used to working with the laboratory or the machine that gives the results, so they are properly interpreted.
18. There are now in-business firm machines that can be used in veterinarian clinics to assess progesterone. Like the one below.
    

    

    Progesterone auto

19. It usually takes 18-twenty minutes to run a progesterone examination.
20. You did a timing of ovulation, your bitch ovulated 17 days after beginning of her estrous bicycle and she became meaning. Does that meanthat next time your bitch will ovulate at 17 days again? Not necessarily. There are up to 40 percent variations between cycles. A timing of ovulation should therefore be performed at each cycle.

Emmanuel Fontaine graduated from the Toulouse Veterinary School in 2004. Dr. Fontaine connected his studies at the Alfort Veterinary School in Paris as a trainee veterinarian in the domestic carnivore unit of the Reproduction Department. From 2005 to 2011, he worked at the Middle d'Etude en Reproduction des Carnivores (CERCA) [Research Eye for Reproduction in Carnivores], a unit specializing in pet breeding assist. Dr. Fontaine is also qualified at the European Higher for Animal Reproduction (ECAR) and recently completed his PhD. Dr. Fontaine joined Royal Canin Canada's professional squad as a Technical Support Veterinarian in September 2011.

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